Historical and Projected Changes in the Southern Hemisphere Surface Westerlies

被引:87
|
作者
Goyal, Rishav [1 ,2 ]
Sen Gupta, Alex [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Jucker, Martin [1 ,2 ]
England, Matthew H. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ New South Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[2] Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Extremes, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[3] Univ New South Wales, Australian Ctr Excellence Antarctic Sci ACEAS, Sydney, NSW, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
CMIP6; Ocean modeling; Southern Annular Mode; Southern Ocean; Westerly winds; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; COUPLED MODEL; ANNULAR MODE; CMIP5; SIMULATIONS; BASIC EVALUATION; OZONE RECOVERY; SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN; VARIABILITY;
D O I
10.1029/2020GL090849
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
The Southern Hemisphere (SH) surface westerlies fundamentally control regional patterns of air temperature, storm tracks, and precipitation while also regulating ocean circulation, heat transport and carbon uptake. Wind-forced ocean perturbation experiments commonly apply idealized poleward wind shifts ranging between 0.5 and 10 degrees of latitude and wind intensification factors of between 10% and 300%. In addition, changes in winds are often prescribed ad hoc as a zonally uniform anomaly that neglects important regional and seasonal differences. Here we quantify historical and projected SH westerly wind changes based on examination of CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data. We find a significant reduction in the location bias of the CMIP6 ensemble and an associated reduction in the projected poleward shift compared to CMIP5. Under a high emission scenario, we find a projected end of 21st Century ensemble mean wind increase of similar to 10% and a poleward shift of similar to 0.8 degrees latitude, although there are important seasonal and regional variations.
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收藏
页数:13
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