Molecular diversity of voltage-gated calcium channels

Voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in a large variety of cellular functions such as excitation-contraction coupling, hormone secretion. firing and pacemaker activity, gene activation and proliferation. Cloning of complementary DNAs encoding for calcium channel subunits has challenged the study of the functional properties of calcium channels and has allowed analysis of the molecular basis of calcium channel diversity. Recently, pore-forming subunits of T-type calcium channels have been cloned. Recent data describing type genes encoding calcium channels, their molecular and pharmacological studies, as well as their linkage to human genetic diseases are reviewed in this article.