How do nature-based solutions contribute to urban landscape sustainability?

Landscape destruction is much prevailing nowadays, with cities expanding coupled with an increasing global population. Accordingly, moving landscapes toward sustainability is needed more than ever before. Although urban and landscape planners have increasingly studied landscape sustainability, understanding the impact of nature-based solutions on landscape sustainability is still obscure. In order to fill this gap, this study provides a framework that identifies the contribution of nature-based solutions (NBS) in environmental, sociocultural, and economic indicators to urban landscape sustainability. The results of this research highlight that the implementation of NBS has the potential to make the urban landscapes more sustainable in the elements including water, soil, air, and vegetation and wildlife as environmental; health, security, education, place-based values, visual quality, and social relationship as sociocultural; and tourism, employment, energy, agriculture, and waste management and recycling as economic dimension.