Effect of lipid levels and lipid-lowering therapy on Restenosis after coronary artery stenting

Background. Recent experimental and clinical data suggest that lowering serum lipid levels with statins may prevent or delay the process of restenosis. The purpose of this trial is to determine whether lipid levels relate to restenosis and/or whether statin therapy can prevent or delay the process of restenosis after intracoronary stenting. Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients who underwent single coronary artery stenting from June 1995 to June 1997 in our institution were included in the study. All these patients were followed for at least 9 months (mean 392 +/- 148 days) for major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We defined as MACE the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, or need for target lesion revascularization. From this cohort, 103 patients had at least one lipid parameter from the lipid profile evaluated within 2 months from the date of the procedure. Patients who had the stent because of an acute myocardial infarction were included in the study only if their lipid profile was evaluated before or at least 6 weeks after the event. Patients with triglyceride levels above 500 had both triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels excluded from the statistical analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on lipid levels: normal (Group 1; n = 31) and elevated (Group II; n = 72). Patient outcomes were also analyzed by statin therapy use. Results: There was no significant difference in MACE rates between the two groups when outcomes were analyzed by lipid levels (22.6% versus 20.8% P = 0.8). Furthermore, outcomes were analyzed by use of statin therapy (Group III, n = 53, on statin versus Group IV, n = 50, on no statin). There was also no difference in MACE rates between the two groups (20.8% versus 22%; P = 0.8). Conclusion: The process of restenosis has unique features that differentiate it from atherosclerosis. Although lipid-lowering therapy is crucial in delaying the process of atherosclerosis, its role in the prevention of restenosis is yet to be proven.