Two- and three-dimensional gradient damage-plasticity simulations of cracking in concrete

The paper deals with a numerical simulation of fracture processes in plain and fiber-reinforced concrete. The applied continuum model combines the gradient damage theory formulated in the strain space with the hardening plasticity theory formulated in the space of effective stresses. The formulation incorporates a projection operator which accounts for the crack closing phenomenon. The model is implemented in the FEAP finite element package. Two- and three-dimensional simulations of localized deformation are performed.