Role of Thrombotic Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms that are found among factors of the coagulation cascade are factor V leiden mutation (FVL), prothrombin (PT), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), reported for thrombotic complications. We have investigated the associations of these gene polymorphisms in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: We genotyped 258 patients for FV G1691A, PT G20210A, and MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) gene by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and were compared with 569 healthy controls. Serum folate, total homocysteine (tHcys), and vitamin B-12 were measured in both patients with ESRD and controls. Results: No homozygous individuals for the mutant AA genotype of FVL G1691A were observed in this study. The frequency of the heterozygous genotypes was (11.2%), which was nearly 3 times higher than that observed in controls (3.2%), with a odds ratio of 3.87 (P = .0001, 95% CI = 2.11-7.11). PT G20210A mutation was missing in both patients and the controls. At MTHFR locus, TT genotype of C677T was present in 9.6% among ESRD, while CC genotype of A1298C was present in 11.7% of the ESRD. In control group, it was significantly low that is, 4.2% and 3.2%, respectively (P = .0034; OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.36-4.36 and P < .0001; OR = 4.03; 95% CI = 2.2-7.37). The combined analysis of the 2 genotypes showed further increased risk in ESRD similar to 15 folds. Further, the carrier of TT and CC genotypes of C677T and A1298C had significantly higher total homocysteine (tHcys) level than those with CC and AA genotypes ( P < .001). Conclusion: The carrier of FVL, TT genotype of C677T, and CC genotype of A1298C polymorphisms may act as risk factors for ESRD.