Low heat electric motor for variable speed human implant for a critical application

This paper deals with the general difficulties of heat transfer from motorized implants to human body tissues and presents a case study of a miniature motorized implant inducing a low temperature elevation in highly perfused muscle tissues. The technological trade-offs of the miniature motor of the implant are thoroughly described in the context of a low heat transfer limitation to preserve muscle tissue. An innovative and counter-intuitive approach was implemented to maximize power-to-volume ratio while minimizing surface heat of the motor.