HIV risks among women who are married to men who have sex with men in India: a qualitative investigation

被引:10
|
作者
Tomori, Cecilia [1 ,5 ]
Srikrishnan, Aylur K. [2 ]
Mehta, Shruti H. [1 ]
Nimmagadda, Nymisha [3 ]
Anand, Santhanam [2 ]
Vasudevan, Canjeevaram K. [2 ]
Celentano, David D. [1 ,4 ]
Solomon, Sunil S. [1 ,2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA
[2] YR Gaitonde Ctr AIDS Res & Educ, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
[3] Lifebridge Hlth, Populat Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD USA
[4] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA
[5] Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Durham, England
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
India; HIV prevention; marriage; women; men who have sex with men; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; GENDER; VIOLENCE; MUMBAI; MSM; DEPRESSION; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; CHENNAI;
D O I
10.1080/13691058.2017.1390161
中图分类号
D669 [社会生活与社会问题]; C913 [社会生活与社会问题];
学科分类号
1204 ;
摘要
In countries such as India, men who have same-sex partnerships may marry women due to cultural pressures regardless of their sexual desires and preferences. The wives of such men may be at risk for HIV but limited existing research addresses this issue. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to investigate HIV-related risk among married men who have sex with men (n = 34) and women who were aware of their husband's same-sex behaviour (n = 13) from six research sites in five states and a Union Territory in India: Delhi (Delhi), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Hyderabad (Telangana), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Chennai and Madurai (Tamil Nadu). Thematic analysis revealed that wives of men who have sex with men were at risk for HIV from their husbands' sexual practices, which are often hidden to avoid the potential consequences of stigmatisation, as well as from gender-based inequities that make husbands the primary decision-makers about sex and condom use, even when wives are aware of their husband's same-sex behaviour. Innovative interventions are needed to address HIV-related risk in couples where wives remain unaware of their husband's same-sex behaviour, and for wives who are aware but remain within these marriages. ResumeDans certains pays comme l'Inde, il arrive que des hommes qui sont dans des partenariats de meme sexe epousent des femmes en raison des pressions culturelles, independamment de leurs desirs et preferences sexuels. S'il existe une possibilite que les epouses de ces hommes soient a risque vis-a-vis du VIH, a ce jour, peu de recherches ont porte sur cette question. Cette etude qualitative a utilise des entretiens en profondeur pour examiner le risque lie au VIH chez des hommes maries qui ont des rapports avec des hommes (n = 34) et des femmes qui avaient connaissance des comportements homosexuels de leurs maris (n = 13). Ces entretiens se sont deroules sur six sites de recherche existant dans cinq Etats et un territoire de l'Union en Inde : Delhi (Delhi), Visakhapatnam (Andrah Pradesh), Hyderabad (Telangana), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Chennai et Madurai (Tamil Nadu). L'analyse thematique a revele que les epouses des hommes qui ont des rapports avec des hommes etaient a risque vis-a-vis du VIH en raison des pratiques sexuelles de leurs maris - souvent cachees pour eviter les consequences potentielles de la stigmatisation - et des inegalites entre les genres qui maintiennent les maris dans des roles de principaux preneurs de decisions relativement aux rapports sexuels et a l'usage du preservatif, meme lorsque leurs femmes prennent conscience de leurs comportements homosexuels. Il est urgent d'elaborer des interventions innovantes pour riposter au risque lie au VIH dans les couples oU les epouses ne savent rien des comportements homosexuels de leurs maris, de meme que dans ceux oU les femmes sont conscientes de ces comportements tout en restant mariees. ResumenDebido a las presiones culturales existentes, en paises como India los hombres cuyas parejas son del mismo sexo pueden contraer matrimonio con mujeres, independientemente de sus deseos o sus preferencias sexuales. Aunque las esposas de estos hombres se ven expuestas a mayor riesgo de contraer el vih, son escasas las investigaciones que abordan esta problematica. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad, el presente estudio cualitativo se propuso investigar el riesgo asociado al vih entre hombres casados que tienen sexo con hombres (n=34) y mujeres que conocen las preferencias homosexuales de sus esposos (n=13). Los participantes fueron entrevistados en seis sitios de investigacion localizados en cinco estados y un Territorio de la Union en India: Delhi (Delhi), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Hyderabad (Telangana), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Chennai and Madurai (Tamil Nadu). La aplicacion del analisis tematico revelo que las esposas de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres estan expuestas a contraer el vih como resultado de las practicas sexuales de sus esposos, a menudo ocultadas para evitar las posibles consecuencias que conllevan la estigmatizacion y las inequidades basadas en el genero. Ello significa que los esposos sean quienes toman las decisiones relativas al sexo y al uso de condones, aun cuando las esposas tengan conocimiento del comportamiento homosexual de sus esposos. Por lo que es necesario realizar intervenciones innovadoras para afrontar el riesgo de que, en aquellas relaciones en que las esposas siguen desconociendo el comportamiento homosexual de sus esposos y en las que las esposas a pesar de conocerlo permanecen en el matrimonio, las parejas contraigan el vih.
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页码:873 / 887
页数:15
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