Evaluation of the Risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Cirrhotic Patients Treated with Proton Pump Inhibitors

Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used in patients with advanced live disease. PPI can significantly improve the gastrointestinal symptoms and prevent gastrointestinal bleeding. However, PPIs have been reported to disrupt the gastrointestinal acidic conditions and decrease the function of gut barrier, subsequently leading to the breed of intestinal flora and abdominal infection. The present study aimed to determine whether PPI administration will increase the risk of SBP in cirrhotic patients. Material and methods We retrospectively analyze the clinic data of 714 cirrhotic patients, who were diagnosed in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2014. Out of them 324 received PPI before and during the admission. The enrolled patients were free of infection within 7 days of admission and did not receive antibiotics treatment before SBP. Results Out of the 324 patients that received PPI, 11 (3.39%) cases developed SBP. The utilization rate of PPI was not significantly higher in patients with SBP than that without SBP (P=0.082). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of SBP cirrhotic patients was associated with the usage of PPI (OR=0.535, CI=0.335-0.856; p=0.009) with PPI as a protective factor. Conclusion There is no relationship between PPI usage and SBP occurrence in cirrhotic patients, which merits further investigation.