Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic and open 360° fundoplication in mild and severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Objective: To investigate the relationship between five-year control of reflux, and early postoperative oesophageal function after total fundoplication done either laparoscopically or through a laparotomy in severe and mild reflux disease. Design: Prospective open study. Setting: University hospital, Sweden. Patients: In the group with severe disease 9 patients had a laparotomy and 7 laparoscopy. The corresponding figures for the group with mild disease were 21 and 34 respectively. Results: The increase in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure 6 months after operation in patients with recurrent disease was significantly less than that for patients with good reflux control (p < 0.01). In patients who had laparotomy, including 30% (9/30) with severe reflux disease, good long-term reflux control was found in 93% (27/29). In patients operated on laparoscopically including 17% (7/41) with severe reflux disease good long-term reflux control was found in 90% (35/39). Conclusion: The mechanism of recurrence differed between patients with severe disease who had a laparotomy and patients with mild disease operated on laparoscopically. Early postoperative manometry was prognostic for recurrence. Long-term reflux control seems to be similar after laparotomy and laparoscopy. Further randomised studies are needed.