[1] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech & EDF R&D, Champs Sur Marne, France
[3] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[4] Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA,UVSQ IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[5] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[6] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England