From the second magnetization peak to peak effect.: A study of superconducting properties in Nb films and MgB2 bulk samples

We report on magnetic and magnetoresistance measurements in two categories of superconducting Nb films grown via magnetron sputtering and MgB2 bulk samples. In the first category, films of T-c = 9.25 K were produced by annealing during deposition. In these films, the magnetic measurements exhibited the so-called 'second magnetization peak' (SMP), which is accompanied by thermomagnetic instabilities (TMI). The characteristic field H-fj, where the first flux jump occurs, has been studied as a function of the sweep rate of the magnetic field. Interestingly, in the regime T < 6.4 K, the respective line H-fj(T) is constant, H-fj(T < 6.4 K) = 40 Oe. A comparison to TMI observed in MgB2 bulk samples is also performed. Our experimental findings cannot be described accurately by current theories on TMI. In the second category, films of T-c = 8.3 K were produced without annealing during deposition. In such films, we observed a peak effect (PE). In high magnetic fields the PE is accompanied by a sharp drop and a narrow hysteretic behaviour (DeltaT < 20 rnK) in the measured niagnetoresistance. In contrast to experimental works presented in the past, the comparison of our magnetic measurements with the magnetoresistance data suggests that the appearance of surface superconductivity rather than the melting transition of vortex matter is the cause of the observed behaviour.