Porous functionalized carbon as anode for a long cycling of sodium-ion batteries

Due to various advantages, such as rich resources, sodium (Na) is considered an alternative to replace lithium (Li) for carbon nanomaterials. Na has a larger radius, which largely limits the application. With the analysis and discussion, it found that porous carbon with functional groups benefited for energy storage, so functional porous carbon was obtained by spray drying with subsequent annealing and nitric acid etching. Moreover, the surface was modified by functional groups, which can improve wettability and enhance cycling stability. So, as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the porous C electrode can remain a discharge capacity of 150 mA h g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) after 1000 cycles. This study opens a pathway to the design of electrodes and hopes that it can apply in other relevant fields.