A Virtual Reality System to Train Image Guided Placement of Kirschner-Wires for Distal Radius Fractures

We present the design, development and initial user testing of a virtual reality simulator to train orthopaedic surgeons in the optimal placement of K-wires for fixation of distal radius fractures. Our platform includes 5 DOF haptic feedback to recreate the manual skill aspects of the drilling process, a 3D view of the anatomy and a controllable x-ray image. Once complete, the user is given an overview of their performance compared with the 'ideal placement' defined by an expert orthopaedic surgeon. The design goals based on analysis of the core steps in the procedure are presented, along with the technical implementation in terms of both haptic and graphical feedback. Preliminary user testing results are discussed, together with current limitations and planned future development.