Movement patterns and herd dynamics among South African giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa)

被引:12
|
作者
Deacon, Francois [1 ]
Bercovitch, Fred B. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Free State, Dept Anim Wildlife & Grassland Sci, Bloemfontein, South Africa
[2] Kyoto Univ, Wildlife Res Ctr, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
[3] Save Giraffes Org, San Antonio, TX USA
关键词
fission-fusion; foraging; GPS tracking; home range; spatial ecology; FISSION-FUSION DYNAMICS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; WILD GIRAFFES; NATIONAL-PARK; SIZE; POPULATION; NETWORKS; BEHAVIOR; KINSHIP;
D O I
10.1111/aje.12514
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Giraffes reside in a fission-fusion social system, with sex, age proximity, kinship and home range overlap accounting for some of the variance in herd composition, while season, sex, age and time of day influence diet, home range size and distance travelled. To increase our knowledge of habitat use and fission-fusion herd dynamics, we placed GPS devices on eight adult female South African giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) living in the Khamab Kalahari Nature Reserve (South Africa). We tested four predictions about how season, kinship, home range and travel patterns influence habitat use and herd dynamics. Our two key findings were that females with a greater degree of home range overlap were more likely to form herds, but the degree of overlap was independent of the amount of time that they spent together in a herd, and that on the day prior to herd formation, females travelled about twice as far as their daily average and tended to move directly towards their future herd mate. We conclude that habitat use and movement patterns regulating fission-fusion dynamics reflect an interaction of ecological, social and reproductive factors operating in tandem, not independently. Resume Les girafes connaissent un systeme social en fission-fusion, et le sexe, la proximite des ages, la parente et le chevauchement de leur domaine vital comptent pour une partie de la variance dans la composition du troupeau tandis que les saisons, le sexe, l'age et l'heure du jour influencent le regime alimentaire, la taille du domaine vital et les distances parcourues. Pour mieux connaitre l'utilisation de l'habitat et la dynamique fission-fusion du troupeau, nous avons place des appareils GPS sur huit girafes femelles adultes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) de la Khamab Kalahari Nature Reserve en Afrique du Sud. Nous avons teste quatre modeles de prevision quant a la facon dont la saison, le degre de parente, le domaine vital, et le schema des deplacements influencent l'utilisation de l'habitat et la dynamique du troupeau. Nos deux decouvertes principales furent que les femelles qui avaient un plus fort taux de chevauchement de leur domaine vital etaient plus susceptibles de former un troupeau, mais que le taux de chevauchement etait independant de la quantite de temps qu'elles passaient ensemble au sein d'un troupeau et que, le jour precedant la formation du troupeau, les femelles pouvaient parcourir jusqu'a deux fois leur distance journaliere moyenne et avaient tendance a se diriger directement vers leur futur partenaire du troupeau. Nous en concluons que l'utilisation de l'habitat et le schema des deplacements regulant la dynamique fission-fusion refletent une interaction de facteurs ecologiques, sociaux et reproducteurs operant en tandem et non independamment.
引用
收藏
页码:620 / 628
页数:9
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