Sodium and potassium doped P-type ZnO films by sol-gel spin-coating technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising material in a variety of applications including sensors, transistors and solar cells. Many researchers studied N-type ZnO films and reported enhanced properties. On the other hand, P-type ZnO films were rarely attempted due to the self-compensation effect. Success in achieving P-type ZnO films is important as it will pave the way for more advanced complementary devices. In this work, P-type sodium and potassium doped ZnO films were fabricated on glass substrates with doping concentration between 0 and 25 at.%. The influences of doping concentration on surface morphology, structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Hall-effect electrical transport measurement system. The distinctive behavior of P-type ZnO films with different doping concentrations will be discussed.