Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymer material, with excellent polymer properties and water solubility, it is widely used in the field of hydrographics transfer printing, textile, pesticide and washing and packaging. In this paper, infrared spectroscopy and various parameters of PVA and reference water samples were tested, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, anionic surface activity of aqueous solution, PVA aqueous solution and so on. The effect of PVA film on water quality was studied. The research results showed that by infrared spectroscopy, there were a large number of hydroxyl groups and possible residual ester groups in PVA. The pH, color, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, sulfide, total E. coli and suspended matter in the PVA aqueous solution satisfied the requirements required in the standard values.