Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure

被引：433

作者：

McDonald, Robert I. ^{[1
]}

Weber, Katherine ^{[1
]}

Padowski, Julie ^{[2
,3
]}

Floerke, Martina ^{[4
]}

Schneider, Christof ^{[4
]}

Green, Pamela A. ^{[5
]}

Gleeson, Thomas ^{[6
]}

Eckman, Stephanie ^{[7
]}

Lehner, Bernhard ^{[8
]}

Balk, Deborah ^{[9
]}

Boucher, Timothy ^{[1
]}

Grill, Guenther ^{[8
]}

Montgomery, Mark ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] Nature Conservancy, Worldwide Off, Washington, DC USA

[2] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[3] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[4] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, D-34117 Kassel, Germany

[5] CUNY, CUNY Environm CrossRd Initiat, New York, NY 10031 USA

[6] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada

[7] Inst Employment Res, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany

[8] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada

[9] CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Sch Publ Affairs, New York, NY 10010 USA

[10] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Econ, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

来源：

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS | 2014年 / 27卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

Cities; Cross-basin transfer; Desalination; Groundwater; Surface water; Water security; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER; GROWTH; REQUIREMENTS; AVAILABILITY; IRRIGATION; VALIDATION; BALANCE; CITIES;

D O I：

10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Urban growth is increasing the demand for freshwater resources, yet surprisingly the water sources of the world's large cities have never been globally assessed, hampering efforts to assess the distribution and causes of urban water stress. We conducted the first global survey of the large cities' water sources, and show that previous global hydrologic models that ignored urban water infrastructure significantly overestimated urban water stress. Large cities obtain 78 +/- 3% of their water from surface sources, some of which are far away: cumulatively, large cities moved 504 billion liters a day (184 km(3) yr(-1)) a distance of 27,000 +/- 3800 km, and the upstream contributing area of urban water sources is 41% of the global land surface. Despite this infrastructure, one in four cities, containing $4.8 +/- 0.7 trillion in economic activity, remain water stressed due to geographical and financial limitations. The strategic management of these cities' water sources is therefore important for the future of the global economy. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

引用

页码：96 / 105

页数：10

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