[1] Taipei Med Univ, Coll Nursing, Postbaccalaureate Program Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan
[2] Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nursing, Coll Nursing, 250 Wu Xing St, Taipei 110, Taiwan
[3] Chang Gung Univ, Sch Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan
[4] Furoto Med & Welf Co Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
[5] Natl Taipei Univ Nursing & Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan