FEATURES AND WAYS OF DECARBONIZATION ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article emphasizes the inevitability of the formation of CO2 in the production of thermal and electric energy with the combustion of fossil fuel and analyzes the sources of carbon dioxide generation at power facilities in Kazakhstan. Technologies for the production of electrical and thermal energy with reduced generation of carbon dioxide, which are being implemented in a short time, are discussed. A possible method for quantifying the level of CO2 emissions for the conditions of Kazakhstan is shown, through the use of the specific consumption of conventional (carbon) fuels for production as a unit of thermal energy and / or electricity. A number of available and relatively cheap technological solutions are presented, which, when implemented, can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It is noted that these technologies can be implemented administratively and economically, and the formulations of the required decisions of the Government are given. For each of the proposed technologies, an assessment of possible volumes of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is given and difficulties that may be encountered during implementation are indicated. A scheme for determining the degree of participation of a particular country in global carbonation is considered and it is shown that, depending on the method of "spreading" the total volume of emissions of a particular country, one and the same country can be both among prosperous countries and among a number of countries to which it is necessary to apply strict "carbon" taxes. It is noted that the determination of the share of a particular country in the form of emissions per unit area of the country's territory seems to be more "fair" taking into account the global nature of pollution.