Treatment and sampling protocols for transgenic mutation assays

The standard protocol for testing chemicals with the transgenic mutation assays in vivo includes a period of time between treatment and sampling to permit the mutation frequency to reach a maximum. Recent evidence has shown, however, that for some chemicals the mutant frequency can decline substantially during this period, which would reduce the sensitivity of the assay. Here we discuss alternate protocols to maintain the sensitivity of the assay for both types of mutagens and, in particular, propose that treatments should continue until the time of sampling. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.