The development of PM emission factor for small incinerators and boilers

This study is intended to develop the emission factors of particulate matter such as TPM (total particulate matter), PM-10 (particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter), PM-2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameters) and several types of inorganic matter from small-size incinerators (less than 250 kg hr(-1) capacity) and boilers (less than 5 ton hr(-1) capacity as steam generation) for various compositions of wastes and fuels, respectively. The emission factors for particulate matter from boilers were similar to the US EPA data. However, the emission factors from small incinerators were higher than the emission factors developed in other countries because the emission characteristics were different, especially with respect to the combustor's capacity. Emission factors for heavy metals such as cadmium, manganese, chromium, magnesium, lead, zinc, and copper were also investigated. The emission factors in this study were higher than those in other studies. Particle size distribution of PM-10 and the ratio of submicron PM to TPM were observed and a mode (peak) of submicron size particles together with a higher concentration of them was found, which could be explained by the formation of fines from vaporized metals in wastes.