Two-dimensional echocardiographic measures of left ventricular dimensions agree with M-mode measurements in dogs

Introduction: Clinicians measure left ventricular dimensions in dogs from both M-mode and two-dimensional images. Little information currently exists as to whether these two methods provide measurements similar enough to be interchangeable. Animals: The animals included in this study are 206 client-owned dogs: 68 healthy, 105 with myxomatous mitral valve disease, 33 with other cardiac or extracardiac disease. Materials and methods: Investigators measured left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions from archived M-mode and two-dimensional images obtained from the right parasternal short-axis view. Agreement between the pairs of measure-ments was examined using limits of agreement (Bland-Altman) plots. Results: Left ventricular diastolic dimensions showed no fixed or proportional bias but did show heteroscedasticity. Ninety-five percent limits of agreement for normalized differences approximated +/- 10%; 95% of the absolute differences for any pair of measurements were <3.9 mm regardless of bodyweight and <2.7 mm for dogs <15 kg. Left ventricular systolic dimensions showed slight proportional bias, with two-dimensional measurements being progressively larger than M-mode measurements as ventricular size increased. Ninety-five percent limits of agree-ment for normalized differences approximated +/- 20%; 95% of the absolute differ-ences for any pair of measurements were <4.6 mm regardless of bodyweight and <3.5 mm for dogs <15 kg. Mitral valve disease did not appreciably affect these find-ings. Conclusions: Left ventricular internal dimensions in dogs with and without cardiac disease measured from two-dimensional right parasternal short-axis images are in-terchangeable with those measured from M-mode images using the same view. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.