Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Levels of Urinary Metals in the US Youth and Adult Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004

被引：109
|
作者：
Richter, Patricia A. [1 ]
Bishop, Ellen E. [2 ]
Wang, Jiantong [2 ]
Swahn, Monica H. [3 ]
机构：
[1] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
[2] RTI Int, Chron & Infect Dis Res Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
[3] Georgia State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA
来源：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH | 2009年 / 6卷 / 07期
关键词：
secondhand smoke (SHS); metals; youth; lead; cadmium; race/ethnicity; tobacco smoke; smoker; toxicity; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SECONDHAND SMOKE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CADMIUM; COTININE; LEAD; NONSMOKERS; CHILDREN; ELEMENTS;
D O I：
10.3390/ijerph6071930
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
We assessed 12 urine metals in tobacco smoke-exposed and not exposed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Our analysis included age, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in cadmium and lead and creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted data for group comparisons are presented. Smokers' had higher cadmium, lead, antimony, and barium levels than nonsmokers. Highest lead levels were in the youngest subjects. Lead levels among adults with high second-hand smoke exposure equaled smokers. Older smokers had cadmium levels signaling the potential for cadmium-related toxicity. Given the potential toxicity of metals, our findings complement existing research on exposure to chemicals in tobacco smoke.
引用
收藏
页码：1930 / 1946
页数：17
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