Influence of origin and properties of dissolved organic matter on the partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

We investigated dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soil, sewage sludges, water from waste disposal sites, and composts as sorbents and potential carriers for hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Partition coefficients (expressed log K-DOC) for two 5-ring compounds were 4.8-4.9 for DOM from soil, 4.5-4.7 from composts, and 4.3-4.4 from sewage sludges. The DOM from compost and sewage sludge can influence the transport of non-ionic organic contaminants because of the large concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOG) released from these materials. Leachates from waste disposal sites did not sorb PAHs. The DOM from compost contained a large percentage of organic molecules >14 000 Da (32-46%), whereas DOM from waste disposal leachates contained only 7-10%, and so bound less PAHs. The percentage of total hydrophobic components, as characterized by XAD-X chromatography, was 50 +/- 9% for most of the DOM solutions and did not express the differences in affinity of the organic sorbents to PAHs in the same way as the K-DOC values. Isolated molecular-weight fractions of DOM from composts sorbed benzo(k)fluoranthene in each fraction. The log K-DOC values were 4.1-4.3 for both fractions, < 1000 and 1000-14 000 Da, and 4.8-5.0 for the fraction > 14 000 Da. The interaction of PAHs with DOM < 1000 Da cannot be explained by partitioning within intramolecular nonpolar environments of dissolved macromolecules; rather it seems to be due to the amphoteric properties of DOM. This type of interaction of PAHs with small DOM molecules might affect the mobility of hydrophobic organic chemicals in soils.