Impact of aging on the energy efficiency of household refrigerating appliances

The parameters required to calculate the energy efficiency of household refrigerating appliances (i.e. refrigerators, freezers and their combinations) are determined by standard measurements. According to regulations, these measurements are carried out when the appliances are new. It is known from previous studies that various technical aging mechanisms can increase electrical energy consumption by up to 36% over a product lifespan of 18 years. In order to determine the time dependence of the energy consumption of household refrigerating appliances, repeated measurements are carried out in this work. Eleven new appliances are examined under standard measurement conditions. After just two years of operation, an additional energy consumption of up to 11% is determined. Furthermore, 21 older appliances that had previously been measured in new condition are tested again after up to 21 years of operation. For these older appliances, an average increase of energy consumption of 28% is found. For individual appliances, the maximum increase is 36%. An aging model is developed on the basis of these measurement results, which may help to predict the aging-related increase of energy consumption of household refrigerating appliances. This model shows an average increase in energy consumption of 27% for an appliance age of 16 years. Supplemental performance tests of eight compressors do not show any significant aging effects related to these devices after two years of operation. Furthermore, measurements of the thermal conductivity of aged polyurethane foam test samples are carried out and an increase of its thermal conductivity of 26% over a period of about three years is determined.