Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock

Context Septic shock maybe associated with relative adrenal insufficiency. Thus, a replacement therapy of low doses of corticosteroids has been proposed to treat septic shock. Objective To assess whether low doses of corticosteroids improve 28-day survival in patients with septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency. Design and Setting Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial performed in 19 intensive care units in France from October 9, 1995, to February 23, 1999. Patients Three hundred adult patients who fulfilled usual criteria for septic shock were enrolled after undergoing a short corticotropin test. Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive either hydrocortisone (50-mg intravenous bolus every 6 hours) and fludrocortisone (50-mug tablet once daily) (n=151) or matching placebos (n=149) for 7 days. Main Outcome Measure Twenty-eight-day survival distribution in patients with relative adrenal insufficiency (nonresponders to the corticotropin test). Results One patient from the corticosteroid group was excluded from analyses because of consent withdrawal. There Were 229 nonresponders to the corticotropin test (placebo, 115; corticosteroids, 114) and 70 responders to the corticotropin test (placebo, 34; corticosteroids, 36). In nonresponders, there were 73 deaths (63%) in the placebo group and 60 deaths (53%) in the corticosteroid group (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.95; P=.02). Vasopressor therapy was withdrawn within 28 days in 46 patients (40%) in the placebo group and in 65 patients (57%) in the corticosteroid group (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.84; P=.001). There was no significant difference between groups in responders. Adverse events rates were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusion In our trial, a 7-day treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone significantly reduced the risk of death in patients with septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency without increasing adverse events.