Molecular analysis and bioinformatic characterization of cooper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-sod) gene of Caiman latirostris

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts as a component of first-line defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) is one of the isoforms of SOD enzyme and is sensitive to the exposure of different environmental factors, in different species and tissues. Caiman latirostris is one of the two crocodilian species living in Argentina and no information is available on the molecular and biochemical characteristics of the Cu/Zn-sod gene in this species. In the present work, we reported the presence of the Cu/Zn-sod gene in C. latirostris, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the modelled protein structure, evolutionary distance among species and tissue specific expression patterns. Cu/Zn-sod gene was 620 bp open reading frame in length and encoded 178 amino acids. The nucleotide sequences of C. latirostris shared high similarity with the Cu/Zn-sod genes of other crocodilian species, so it showed to be highly conserved. PCR analysis showed that Cu/Zn-sod gene was expressed in all the tissues examined (liver, gonads, spleen, heart, and whole blood), suggesting a constitutively expressed gene in these tissues. This study allows further investigation into the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action of Cu/Zn-SOD, besides exploring the functional breadth and possible alteration factors, including xenobiotics.