Reinforcing economic incentives for carbon credits for forests

Afforestation is a cost-effective way for some countries to meet part of their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol and its eventual extensions. Credits for carbon sequestration can be mediated through markets for emissions permits. Both new and old forests are subject to pestilence and fire, which are events that could release substantial, discrete quantities of carbon at irregular intervals. Permits markets, the use of green accounting, and insurance markets for sudden emissions could increase the efficiency of the scheme and its attractiveness to potential participants. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V..