Arsenic exposure in drinking water: an unrecognized health threat in Peru

被引:90
|
作者
George, Christine Marie [1 ]
Sima, Laura [2 ]
Jahuira Arias, M. Helena [3 ]
Mihalic, Jana [4 ]
Cabrera, Lilia Z. [5 ]
Danz, David [5 ]
Checkley, William [1 ]
Gilman, Robert H. [1 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[3] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru
[4] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[5] PRISMA, Lima, Peru
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
LATIN-AMERICA; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; RELIABILITY; CHILDREN; INDIA; KIT;
D O I
10.2471/BLT.13.128496
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Objective To assess the extent of arsenic contamination Of groundwater and surface water in Peru and, to evaluate the accuracy of the Arsenic Econo-Quick (TM) (EQ) kit for measuring water arsenic concentrations in the field. Methods Water samples were collected from 151 water sources in 12 districts of Peru, and arsenic concentrations were measured in the laboratory using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The EQ field kit was validated by comparing a subset of 139 water samples analysed by laboratory measurements and the EQ kit. Findings In 86% (96/111) of the groundwater samples, arsenic exceeded the 10 mu g/l arsenic concentration guideline given by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. In 56% (62/111) of the samples, it exceeded the Bangladeshi threshold of 50 mu g/l; the mean concentration being 54.5 mu g/l (range: 0.1-93.1). In the Juliaca and Caracoto districts, in 96% (27/28) of groundwater samples arsenic was above the WHO guideline; and in water samples collected from the section of the Rimac river running through Lima, all had arsenic concentrations exceeding the WHO limit. When validated ayainst laboratory values, the EQ kit correctly identified arsenic contamination relative to the guideline in 95% (106/111) of groundwater and in 68% (19/28) of surface water samples. Conclusion In several districts of Peru, drinking water shows widespread arsenic contamination, exceeding the WHO arsenic guideline. This poses a public health threat requiring further investigation and action. For groundwater samples, the EQ kit performed well relative to the WHO arsenic limit and therefore could provide a vital tool for water arsenic surveillance.
引用
收藏
页码:565 / 572
页数:8
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