Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Perfusion Analysis in Patients with Suspicion for Prostate Cancer

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters acquired by software during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) US fusion-guided biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and discrimination. Materials and Methods From 2012 to 2015, 158 out of 165 men with suspicion for PCa and with at least 1 negative biopsy of the prostate were included and underwent a multi-parametric 3 Tesla MRI and an MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy, consecutively. CEUS was conducted during biopsy with intravenous bolus application of 2.4mL of SonoVue ((R)) (Bracco, Milan, Italy). In the latter CEUS clips were investigated using quantitative perfusion analysis software (VueBox, Bracco). The area of strongest enhancement within the MRI pre-located region was investigated and all available parameters from the quantification tool box were collected and analyzed for PCa and its further differentiation was based on the histopathological results. Results The overall detection rate was 74 (47%) PCa cases in 158 included patients. From these 74 PCa cases, 49 (66%) were graded Gleason >= 3+4=7 (ISUP >= 2) PCa. The best results for cancer detection over all quantitative perfusion parameters were rise time (p=0.026) and time to peak (p=0.037). Within the subgroup analysis (> vs <= 3+4=7a (ISUP 2)), peak enhancement (p=0.012), wash-in rate (p=0.011), wash-out rate (p=0.007) and wash-in perfusion index (p=0.014) also showed statistical significance. Conclusion The quantification of CEUS parameters was able to discriminate PCa aggressiveness during MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy.