Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of generalized second grade fluid through porous medium with Hall effects on heat and mass transfer

This work investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of generalized second grade fluid through a porous medium with Hall effects on heat and mass transfer. The second grade fluid with a fractional derivative is used for the constitutive equation. A second-order fractional backward difference formula in the temporal direction and a spectral collocation method in the spatial direction are proposed to solve the model numerically. In the numerical implementation, a fast method is applied to decrease the memory requirement and computational cost. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. The effects of various parameters on the velocity profiles, temperature field, and concentration field are shown. Results indicate that as the fractional derivative gamma increases and the Hall parameter m decreases, the amplitudes of the velocity components decrease.