Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and wound healing Potential clinical applications in wound repair

Delayed and chronic wounds result from the dysregulation of molecular and cellular events associated with wound healing, including migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and re-epithelialization. Adipose tissue is an abundant, easily accessible, and rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high therapeutic potential. In addition to their capability to differentiate into various lineages with specialized functions, adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs) can mediate to the wound repair process through the secretion of different growth factors and mediators rather than making structural contribution alone. Adipose-derived MSCs mediate the formation of blood vessels, recruit progenitor cells, stimulate cell differentiation and ECM formation, and promote wound healing by releasing immune mediators and exosomes. Herein, we discuss and review the therapeutic potential of AMSCs for wound repair via acceleration of wound closure, re-epithelialization, enhancement of angiogenesis and immunomodulation of prolonged inflammatory responses, as well as the current challenges in clinical implementation.