Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 shells as environmental and provenance proxies

Mollusc shell stable isotopes are commonly used to reconstruct past environmental conditions. However, despite being abundant components of natural and anthropogenic fossil accumulations, the geochemical composition of mussel shells (Mytilus spp.) has rarely received attention in palaeoenvironmental studies. This study tests the suitability of oxygen isotopes (delta O-18(s)) of Mytilus galloprovincialis as palaeothermometer. For 1 year, mussels and water samples were collected twice a month from Berria Beach, in Northern Spain. The geochemical data of the shells indicate that water temperatures can be reconstructed with an average offset of 1.2 +/- 0.7 degrees C with respect to the measured values. Furthermore, no prolonged shell growth cessations are observed. These results validate M. galloprovincialis as reliable recorders of seasonal water temperature fluctuations, supporting their use in palaeoenvironmental studies. In addition, further shell and water collections were carried out in the upper and lower areas of a nearby estuary. The geochemical analyses of these shells were aimed to test whether oxygen and carbon stable isotopes (delta C-13(s)) may be used as novel proxies to identify the shell provenance at local scale. The results show that the delta O-18(s) versus delta C-13(s) correlation direction varies along the coast-upper estuary geographical gradient, suggesting it to be a potential new proxy to distinguish between marine and estuarine mussel specimens.