Intracranial extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: Case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We present a patient with a dural-based intracranial extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, which was initially thought to be an atypical meningioma. This rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young adults with an aggressive-appearing dural-based lesion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 21-year-old woman reported a 3-week history of severe headaches and intermittent nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination revealed right optic nerve swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large, intensely enhancing extra-axial mass, which appeared to originate from the right side of the fair cerebri with significant mass effect. A presumptive diagnosis of meningioma was made. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent preoperative embolization of the lesion and then underwent a bicoronal craniotomy, gross total resection of the tumor, removal of invaded calvarial bone, and cranioplasty. Pathological examination revealed an extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Because of the potential for recurrence, the patient received subsequent radiotherapy. She remains free of recurrence 18 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that can mimic a meningioma radiographically. We present the first patient in whom this lesion has been documented with computed tomography, cardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathological findings. We emphasize the importance of gross fetal resection and close follow-up for this potentially aggressive tumor, and we present a review of the literature.