Numerical Investigations of Wake Expansion in the Offshore Wind Farm Using a Large Eddy Simulation

Due to abundant wind resources and land saving, offshore wind farms have been vigorously developed worldwide. The wake of wind turbines is an important topic of offshore wind farms, in which the wake expansion is a key issue for the wake model and the layout optimization of a wind farm. The large eddy simulation (LES) is utilized to investigate various offshore wind farms under different operating conditions. The numerical results indicate that it is more accurate to calculate the wake growth rate using the streamwise turbulence intensity or the total turbulence intensity in the environment. By fitting the results of the LES, two formulae are proposed to calculate the wake growth rate of the upstream wind turbine. The wake expansion of the downstream wind turbine is analyzed, and the method of calculating the wake growth rate is introduced. The simulation indicates that the wake expansion of the further downstream wind turbines is significantly reduced. The smaller lateral distance of wind turbines in the offshore wind farm has the less wake expansion of the wind turbines. The wake expansion under different inflow wind speeds is also analyzed, while the wake expansion of wind turbines under more complex conditions needs to be further studied.