Wormhole modeling in f (R, T) gravity with minimally-coupled massless scalar field

In this paper, the strong gravitational lensing is explored for traversable wormholes in f (R,T) theory of gravity with minimally-coupled massless scalar field. First, the effective wormhole solutions are obtained using the model f(R,T) = R + 2 lambda T, where lambda is constant, R is scalar curvature and T is the trace of stress-energy tensor. Furthermore, three different shape functions namely, b(r) = r(0)/exp(r-r(0)) (Ref. 36), b(r) = r(0)(log(r+1))/log(r(0)+1) (Refs. 35 and 37) and b(r) = r(0)(r/r(0))(gamma) , 0 < gamma < 1 (Refs. 34, 35, 39, 73) are considered and studied their qualitative behavior for the construction of wormhole geometry respectively. Subsequently, gravitational lensing effect is implemented to detect the existence of photon spheres at or outside the throat of wormholes.