Development of lead-free piezoelectric materials using domain wall engineering

For the [111] oriented barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals, the patterning electrode was applied to induce the finer engineered domain configurations with domain size of 3 mu m. The poling treatment was performed at 134 degrees C under electric fields below 6 kV/cm to inhibit the burning of the patterning electrode with photoresist. As the results, the gradient domain sizes from 3 to 8-9 pm were induced into the 31 resonator. The d(31) was measured at -243.2 pC/N, and this value was almost 70 % of the expected d(31) of -337.7 pC/N for the resonator with domain size of 3 mu m. This difference was originated from lower applied electric field below 6 kV/cm. However, this study was revealed that the patterning electrode was very powerful tool to induce much finer domain sizes below 5 mu m.