Associations between daily physical activity, handgrip strength, muscle mass, physical performance and quality of life in prefrail and frail community-dwelling older adults

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the associations between daily physical activity (DPA), handgrip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and physical performance (balance, gait speed, chair stands) with quality of life in prefrail and frail community-dwelling older adults. Methods Prefrail and frail individuals were included, as determined by SHARE-FI. Quality of life (QoL) was measured with WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD, DPA with PASE, handgrip strength with a dynamometer, ASMM with bioelectrical impedance analysis and physical performance with the SPPB test. Linear regression models adjusted for sex and age were developed: In model 1, the associations between each independent variable and QoL were assessed separately; in model 2, all the independent variables were included simultaneously. Results Eighty-three participants with a mean age of 83 (SD: 8) years were analysed. Model 1: DPA (beta = 0.315), handgrip strength (beta = 0.292) and balance (beta = 0.178) were significantly associated with 'overall QoL'. Balance was related to the QoL domains of 'physical health' (beta = 0.371), 'psychological health' (beta = 0.236), 'environment' (beta = 0.253), 'autonomy' (beta = 0.276) and 'social participation' (beta = 0.518). Gait speed (beta = 0.381) and chair stands (beta = 0.282) were associated with 'social participation' only. ASMM was not related to QoL. Model 2: independent variables explained 'overall QoL' (R-2 = 0.309), 'physical health' (R-2 = 0.200), 'autonomy' (R-2 = 0.247) and 'social participation' (R-2 = 0.356), among which balance was the strongest indicator. Conclusion ASMM did not play a role in the QoL context of the prefrail and frail older adults, whereas balance and DPA were relevant. These parameters were particularly associated with 'social participation' and 'autonomy'.