Development of a novel bioactive titanium membrane with alkali treatment for bone regeneration

This study evaluates a bioactive titanium membrane with alkali treatment for stimulating apatite formation and promoting bone regeneration. The titanium thin membranes were either treated with NaOH (alkali-group) or untreated (control). Each sample were incubated in simulated body fluid. Subsequently, the composition of the surface calcium deposition, its weight increase ratio, and optical absorbance were evaluated. Then, the bone defect was trephined on the rats calvaria and covered with each sample membrane or no membrane, and the bone tissue area ratio (BTA) and bone membrane contact ratio (BMC) were evaluated. The spherical crystalline precipitates formed in both groups. In the alkali-group after 21 days, the precipitates matured, forming apatite-like precipitates. The alkali-group showed higher Ca and P contents and weight increase ratios than the control. The alkali-group exhibited a higher BMC than the control in the central area. Thus, this novel membrane has high apatite-forming and bone regeneration abilities.