Deadlock in psychotherapy: A phenomenological study of eight psychodynamic therapists' experiences

Problematic interactional patterns between client and therapist involve several phenomena, such as different forms of ruptures, enactments, impasses, and stalemates. This study explores psychodynamic therapists' experiences and understanding of deadlock in the psychotherapy process. Interviews with eight experienced therapists were analyzed applying the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Generally, the therapists described the deadlock as a negative process, blocking the progress of therapy. The deadlock confronted them with unfulfilled expectations of closeness and connection, as well as unwelcome feelings and wishes, and evoked self-doubt and questioning of their own professional role. The therapists experienced a loss of agency and reflective capacity in the encounter with the client. We found an elusive quality of something absent and incomprehensible in the therapists' experiences. Resolution of deadlock interacted with therapists finding a constructive role in the therapeutic relationship and being able to give meaning to their experiences. We conclude that the therapists need to be observant of their experiences of deadlock and talk to others about them. The knowledge of deadlocks as natural phenomena in the therapy process that can be recognized, addressed, and worked with must be more widely diffused and should be an integral part of psychotherapy education and training.