Experimental investigation on heat release rate of seats of a sports stadium under a performance-based design approach

A series of full-scale experiment has been performed in order to identify the exact fire size for a 15,000-seats in order stadium. The experimental result indicated that a t-squared slow fire peaking at 3.2 MW would occur when 13 stadium seats were involved in fire simultaneously. It validated that the 5 MW t-squared fast fire, as adapted in the 3D CFD simulation process was conservative and with good engineering tolerances.