Correlation of Wettability with Surface Structure and Morphology of the Anodically Oxidized Titanium Implants

In the paper, a porous TiO2 surface formation on CP-Ti using anodic oxidation process has been described. The process was done at 30, 90, 150 and 210 V in electrolyte 2 M H3PO4+ 1 wt.% HF. The made surface has possible applications in hard tissue implants. For quantitative and qualitative surface analysis, we used the XRD, SEM and AFM techniques. The prepared surfaces are rough with porous oxides. The value of contact angle of the water drop deposited on the surface shown its high wettability as well as pointed its bioadhesion. We found that oxidizing at 210 V gives highest roughness and most developed surface, whereas lowest contact angle shown Ti oxidized at 90 V. Application of surface annealing (drying) at 120 degrees C after first water drop deposition shown, that contact angle significantly increases, which means that wettability decreases. The angle after annealing has lower value for surface oxidized at 210 V, in comparison to that oxidized at 90 V. In summary, oxidation for 30 min in 2 M H3PO4+ 1 wt.% HF electrolyte at 210 V gives optimum surface for possible hard tissue implant applications.