Recognition of the Concept of Publicness in Healthcare: a Content Analysis of Korean Newspapers

The traditional boundaries between public and private sectors has been blurred, and questions raised regarding how publicness could be conceptualized. The empirical study on the concept of publicness can reveal greatly diversified views on publicness, and help to reduce confusion over publicness. For the content analysis, 750 news articles of 8 national Korean newspapers were retrieved from the Korea Integrated News Database System. The articles were coded by the inductive category for the topic of the paragraph, the concept related to publicness, and the overall tone toward publicness. Publicness was addressed in a number of different issues, and diverse and specific statuses or actions were associated with the realization of publicness. The most frequent concept was "government," which represented the main agent of healthcare provision and the owner of institutions for "the vulnerable." Issues of industrialization of healthcare/healthcare industry and reform of the national healthcare system mentioned publicness in a normative sense, which laid stress on "not-for-profit" service and the right of "universal access" to service for publicness. Articles of health/disease information or global health regarded "the population/public" as the main targets or beneficiaries of healthcare services. Occasionally, publicness was not related to specific concepts, being used unclearly or as a routine. The fulfillment of the specific actions or status may lead to the enhancement of publicness. However, publicness itself could not be reduced to the specific concepts suggested. The use of publicness in healthcare delivered only its normative sense without substantive meaning.