Numerical analysis of TOF measurements in pulsed laser ablation

The results of numerical simulation of pulsed laser ablation both in vacuum and into a background gas are presented. The influences of different processes, such as time evolution of the surface temperature, interspecies interactions (elastic collisions, recombination-dissociation reaction), interaction with an ambient gas, and excitations-relaxation processes on time-of-flight (TOF) distributions are examined. Experimentally obtained time-of-flight distributions are further analyzed, based on the results of numerical simulation. It is found that with the aid of numerical results one can explain not only the shape of the TOF distribution, but also the distance dependency of its maximum position (mean delay time). In addition, the mechanisms leading to the appearance of bimodal time-of-flight distribution are revealed. The study presents particular interest for the analysis of experimental results obtained during pulsed laser ablation.