Progress, challenges and solutions of research on photosynthetic carbon sequestration efficiency of microalgae

Microalgae-based carbon sequestration has been identified as one of the potential research directions of energy sustainable development in many countries. However, low productivity restricts its large-scale development. In order to break through this technical obstacle, it is necessary to study the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation of microalgae from the mechanism level. Firstly, biochemical mechanism of microalgal carbon capture is introduced, representative studies on biological characteristics (especially genetic engineering method for enhancing carbon sequestration of microalgae), response characteristics and efficacy characteristics are reviewed respectively, and the development trends and limitations of this technology are commented; secondly, seven main problems existing in microalgae carbon sequestration are summarized, and the complexity of methodology is demonstrated at the methodological level; finally, solutions to these problems are put forward: further grasp the interdisciplinary characteristics of microalgae carbon fixation efficiency and re-recognize carbon sequestration efficiency of microalgae. And concrete ways to improve carbon sequestration efficiency of microalgae are given.