Recruitment Maneuvers and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Titration in Morbidly Obese ICU Patients

被引:90
|
作者
Pirrone, Massimiliano [1 ,2 ]
Fisher, Daniel [3 ]
Chipman, Daniel [3 ]
Imber, David A. E. [1 ]
Corona, Javier [1 ,4 ]
Mietto, Cristina [1 ,2 ]
Kacmarek, Robert M. [1 ,3 ]
Berra, Lorenzo [1 ]
机构
[1] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia Crit Care & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[2] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Anestesiol Terapia Intens & Sci Derm, Milan, Italy
[3] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Resp Care Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[4] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Med, Madrid, Spain
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
lung compliance; mechanical ventilation; obesity; positive end-expiratory pressure; pulmonary gas exchange; respiratory mechanics; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; BODY-MASS INDEX; NITROGEN WASHOUT/WASHIN; LUNG; ANESTHESIA; MECHANICS;
D O I
10.1097/CCM.0000000000001387
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100602 ;
摘要
Objective: The approach to applying positive end-expiratory pressure in morbidly obese patients is not well defined. These patients frequently require prolonged mechanical ventilation, increasing the risk for failed liberation from ventilatory support. We hypothesized that lung recruitment maneuvers and titration of positive end-expiratory pressure were both necessary to improve lung volumes and the elastic properties of the lungs, leading to improved gas exchange. Design: Prospective, crossover, nonrandomized interventional study. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs at Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients: Critically ill, mechanically ventilated morbidly obese (body mass index > 35 kg/m(2)) patients (n = 14). Interventions: This study evaluated two methods of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure; both trials were done utilizing positive end-expiratory pressure titration and recruitment maneuvers while measuring hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics. Measurements were obtained at the baseline positive end-expiratory pressure set by the clinicians, at zero positive end-expiratory pressure, at best positive end-expiratory pressure identified through esophageal pressure measurement before and after a recruitment maneuver, and at best positive end-expiratory pressure identified through a best decremental positive end-expiratory pressure trial. Measurements and Main Results: The average body mass index was 50.7 16.0 kg/m(2). The two methods of evaluating positive end-expiratory pressure identified similar optimal positive end-expiratory pressure levels (20.7 +/- 4.0 vs 21.3 +/- 3.8 cm H2O; p = 0.40). End-expiratory pressure titration increased end-expiratory lung volumes (11 +/- 7 mL/kg; p < 0.01) and oxygenation (86 +/- 50 torr; p < 0.01) and decreased lung elastance (5 +/- 5 cm H2O/L; p < 0.01). Recruitment maneuvers followed by titrated positive end-expiratory pressure were effective at increasing end-expiratory lung volumes while decreasing end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure, suggesting an improved distribution of lung aeration and reduction of overdistension. The positive end-expiratory pressure levels set by the clinicians (11.6 +/- 2.9 cm H2O) were associated with lower lung volumes, worse elastic properties of the lung, and lower oxygenation. Conclusions: Commonly used positive end-expiratory pressure by clinicians is inadequate for optimal mechanical ventilation of morbidly obese patients. A recruitment maneuver followed by end-expiratory pressure titration was found to significantly improve lung volumes, respiratory system elastance, and oxygenation.
引用
收藏
页码:300 / 307
页数:8
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