Structural defects or damage in composite materials are difficult to be found during manufacturing and in service. Nondestructive testing (NDT) has become an important engineering approach in the sphere. During these years, many composite material NDT approaches were researched and applied, such as acoustic microscope, NMR, lCT, ultrasonic, eddy current testing, penetrant, X-ray radiation, and so on. By comparing and analyzing, these approaches' advantages and disadvantages were pointed out, and their applicability in aviation sphere and the developing foreground were presented ultimately.