Prognostic value of preoperative diabetes mellitus in patients with non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Background: The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of preoperative diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-PNENs). Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 190 patients with NF-PNENs from January 2009 to December 2019 in a single center. Results: The prevalence of longstanding DM, new-onset DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 11.6% (22/ 190), 8.4% (16/190), and 25.8% (49/190), respectively. Regression analysis showed that tumor size, tumor grade and lymph node metastasis were risk factors for new-onset DM and IFG. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated preoperative new-onset DM (hazard ratio [HR], 4.33; P = 0.009) and IFG (HR, 4.53; P = 0.027) as independent predictors of poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with NF-PNENs. Conclusion: Preoperative new-onset DM and IFG are associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor RFS in patients with NF-PNENs.