Geniposide ameliorated sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by activating PPARγ

Acute kidney injury is one of the most common complications that occurs in septic shock. An effective therapeutic intervention is urgently needed. Geniposide has been reported to possess pleiotropic activities against different diseases. However, the effect of geniposide on sepsis-induced kidney injury is unexplored. Our study aims to illustrate the mitigative effects of geniposide on sepsis-induced kidney injury and its relevant mechanisms. Sepsis was induced in mice undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with geniposide (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for treatment. The results showed that geniposide ameliorated kidney injury and dysfunction in CLP-induced septic mice, accompanied by reduction of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We also found that geniposide significantly reduced vascular permeability and cellular apoptosis of the kidney, with increase of Bcl-2 and decrease of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, PPAR gamma was found to be upregulated with the increasing concentration of geniposide. The protection of geniposide against inflammation and apoptosis was recovered by inhibition of PPAR gamma. Collectively, these results indicate that geniposide could significantly ameliorate acute kidney injury in CLPinduced septic mice and LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells by activating PPAR gamma. Geniposide might be a potential drug candidate for sepsis-induced kidney injury.